1. Prototype
Now the prototype has two different modules: acquisition and control systems:
1.1 Acquisition system
The acquisition system regards on getting the signals needed to measure the patient's status such as: Oxygen saturation Heart Rate, Respiratory rate and temperature.
1.2
Control System
The control system aim is about to control the oxygen supplied depending on the patient status, mainly on the oxygen saturation values of patient
1.3
Data Record System
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The data record module for generating reports and recording data with the information obtained during the treatments.
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1.1 Acquisition System
The prototype currently monitors 4 different patient parameters:
Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Oxygen saturation measures the percentage of oxyhemoglobin (oxygen-bound hemoglobin) in the blood.
Front panel
Program
In this PDF file we documented the program of the SpO2 module, please scroll down to see the complete document.
Heart Rate (BPM)
It measures the number of times per minute that the heart contracts or beats, hence the name beats per minute (BPM).
In order to measure the previous parameters, we developed an oximeter.
An oximeter is a device that displays the parameters of SpO2 and BPM of the patient using the absorbance of the light when the blood passes. Each time that heart beats the amount of blood is bigger, to check this amount of blood we use photodiodes, a Red Led and an IR Led.
So, the blood consists of hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin and other things, we focus on hemoglobin (Hb) and oxyhemoglobin (OHb) to know the SpO2 parameter and for the BPM we just check the times the heart beats, it means each time the amount of blood is bigger in the vein. The Hb has more absorbance of Red light and the OHb has more absorbance of IR light, knowing this we check how many voltages the photodiodes transmit to know the levels of Hb and OHb.
We replaced the previous module that had physical filters with a multiplier amplifier that sends the signal directly to the FPGA which performs the filtering at the programming level. We also replaced the generic phototransistor with a recycled hospital phototransistor which is more sensitive to light changes.
Front panel
Program
In this PDF file we documented the program of the BPM module, please scroll down to see the complete document.
Respiration Rate (RPM)
The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute.
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In order to measure this parameter, we use an ECG module (AD8232), however, we took a different approach to the signal received by the module and conditioned it as follows.
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The respiration rate is present within the electrocardiogram graph and can be measured in 2 ways, with the amplitude of the peaks or the difference in the period of the signal. In our case we chose to measure the changes in amplitude that occur each time we inhale air into the lungs.
Front panel
Program
In this PDF file we documented the program of the RPM module, please scroll down to see the complete document.
Body Temperature (° C)
It measures the amount of heat in the body. This module was the easiest because we only used a LM35 transistor, that works as temperature sensor.
Front panel
Program
In this PDF file we documented the program of the temperature module, please scroll down to see the complete document.
1.2 Control System
Once we have working the monitoring module, the SpO2 values will create a response into the oxygen supplied by fluxmeter. This works by controlling the knob using a step motor.
Then, the prototype is designed to run for several days continuously so the motor controller could heat up, so we added a heat spreader and a fan to keep the control module cool.
Front panel
Program
In this PDF file we documented the program of the Control module, please scroll down to see the complete document.
1.3 Data Record System
Finally, we have a registration module, which is responsible for storing the patient's values throughout the treatment. This allows healthcare staff to see how the patient's status and oxygen requirements have fluctuated.
In this way it is hoped that thanks to the Baby Breathings data logger, the oxygen therapy protocol can be improved.
Front panel
Program
In this PDF file we documented the program of the Data record module, please scroll down to see the complete document.
1.3 Data Record System
Oxygen saturation measures the percentage of oxyhemoglobin (oxygen-bound hemoglobin) in the blood.
Front panel
Program
In this PDF file we documented the program of the LCD module, please scroll down to see the complete document.
2. Testings
We recorded a video on the operation of each module and its data recording.
Spo2 Test Module
BPM Test Module
Respiration Test Module
Temperature Test Module
3. Software
We design the next flow diagram to understand the performance of the program.
After the flow diagram we developed the next block diagram on Labview of the full program
Front panel
In this gallery of the front panel of the full program, please click on the arrows to see all the images
Program
In this PDF file we documented the full program, please scroll down to see the complete document.
4. Bibliography
Relevant Information:
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding disease caused by abnormal development of retinal blood vessels in premature infants. The retina is the inner layer of the eye that receives light and turns it into visual messages that are sent to the brain.Gestation period: 40 weeks vs 28 weeks + 12 weeks within hospital unit, (oxygen weaning) Ventilation phasesPhase 1: Oxygen is not applied directly (Flux vs Oxygen Saturation) Low flux 35-65 Phase 2: Oxygen is applied through a mask, nasal tips or cephalic chamber, it means, oxygen is concentrated (Atmospheric concentration is not involved) Phase 3: Tube is directly connected with the lungs (Invasive ventilation) Assisted-control
Mechanical ventilation:
1) Invasive: Patient does not have the capacity to breath by itself due to pulmonary, brainly or any other disease, etc
2) Not invasive components: B-PAP / C-PAP are ventilation mechanisms for newborns, they bring support for breathing, just as nasal tips
VMIS Synchronized Intermittent Mechanical Ventilation
Inspiration and expiration are detected (disotation)
Pressure, flow, volume and frequency (newborn 45 times per min, adult 10.12 times per minute) 20.5 L, 7 mm / kg
If patient keeps saturation at a 90% level for 1 hour, VMIS gradually reduces oxygen according to input set at the monitor. Mechanical ventilation = Dynamic ventilation
Fibrosis:
The word “pulmonary” means lung and the word “fibrosis” means scar tissue— similar to scars that you may have on your skin from an old injury or surgery. So, in its simplest sense, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) means scarring in the lungs. Over time, the scar tissue can destroy the normal lung and make it hard for oxygen to get into your blood. Low oxygen levels (and the stiff scar tissue itself) can cause you to feel short of breath, particularly when walking and exercising. Pulmonary fibrosis isn't just one disease. It is a family of more than 200 different lung diseases that all look very much alike. The PF family of lung diseases falls into an even larger group of diseases called the interstitial lung diseases (also known as ILD), which includes all of the diseases that have inflammation and / or scarring in the lung. Some interstitial lung diseases don't include scar tissue. When an interstitial lung disease does include scar tissue in the lung, we call it pulmonary fibrosis.
Dr. Legorreta insights about current situation "There is no other protoype or medical equipment that helps with oxygen regulation at initial phases" -
Dr. Legorreta
Newborns can not be monitored 24/7 due to lack of personal and excess of work at hospitals.
"The better the equipment the less the risk" If the equipment is more specialized and monitors better the newborn in different ways (breathing, temperature) treatment will be better and other issues can be diagnosed on time which leads to less complications to the patients.
Fundamental objectives according to experts:
* Time and quantity of oxygen must be regulated. * Oxygen flow must be deminished gradually. * Patient must be continuously monitored.
Potential benefits
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"Medical newborn revolution"
Increase diagnose efficiency. (Workload reduction, cost reduction, human resources, materials and oxygen better distribution)
Less time at hospitals (3-4 months to 1 month with correct treatment)
Less risk to develop other diseases that are casued due to uncontrolled oxygen administration.
On time diagnose for other diseases associated with the heart, brain or lungs due to continuous monitoring.
Will allow us to identify patterns or realtions with the recorded data.
Links
https://aapos.org/glossary/retinopathy-of-prematurity#:~:text=Retinopathy%20of%20prematurity%20(ROP)%20is,are%20sent%20to%20the%20brain.
https://aapos.org/glossary/retinopathy-of-prematurity
https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/life-with-pf/about-pf
5. Helpful tools
LabVIEW
LabVIEW is systems engineering software for applications that require test, measurement, and control with rapid access to hardware and data insights.
MyRio
MyRIO is a real-time embedded evaluation board made by National Instruments. It is used to develop applications that utilize its onboard FPGA and microprocessor. It requires LabVIEW. It's geared towards students and basic applications.Zonestar 3D Printer
Model: p802qr2
Design software: Repetier
Slicer: Cura engineI look
Miro is a collaborative online whiteboard platform designed for remote and distributed teams.
